{
 "sources": [
  {
   "id": "pew-factsheet",
   "name": "Pew Research Center: Social Media Fact Sheet (2025 survey, fielded Feb. 5 to June 18, 2025, 5,022 U.S. adults)",
   "url": "https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-sheet/social-media/",
   "retrievedAt": "2026-10-10",
   "role": "Primary: share of U.S. adults who ever use each platform",
   "licenseName": "Publisher copyright; figures reproduced as facts",
   "redistribution": "Figures extracted; source not redistributed",
   "archiveUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261010225132/https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-sheet/social-media/",
   "archivedAt": "2026-10-10T22:51:32Z",
   "contentDigest": "sha256:c30e038bbbe4fc30edf6088fbd374b5895d17d0b9b3f6329b3a752723c57b90e"
  },
  {
   "id": "pew-report-2025",
   "name": "Pew Research Center: Americans' Social Media Use 2025 (November 20, 2025)",
   "url": "https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2025/11/20/americans-social-media-use-2025/",
   "retrievedAt": "2026-10-10",
   "role": "Primary: report accompanying the fact sheet",
   "licenseName": "Publisher copyright; figures reproduced as facts",
   "redistribution": "Figures extracted; source not redistributed",
   "archiveUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261010225223/https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2025/11/20/americans-social-media-use-2025/",
   "archivedAt": "2026-10-10T22:52:23Z"
  },
  {
   "id": "meta-q4-2023",
   "name": "Meta Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2023 Results",
   "url": "https://investor.atmeta.com/investor-news/press-release-details/2024/Meta-Reports-Fourth-Quarter-and-Full-Year-2023-Results-Initiates-Quarterly-Dividend/default.aspx",
   "retrievedAt": "2026-10-10",
   "role": "Primary: Facebook monthly active users",
   "licenseName": "Publisher copyright; figures reproduced as facts",
   "redistribution": "Figures extracted; source not redistributed",
   "archiveUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261003115447/https://investor.atmeta.com/investor-news/press-release-details/2024/Meta-Reports-Fourth-Quarter-and-Full-Year-2023-Results-Initiates-Quarterly-Dividend/default.aspx",
   "archivedAt": "2026-10-03T11:54:47Z"
  },
  {
   "id": "instagram-3b",
   "name": "Neowin: Instagram joins the 3 billion monthly active club (September 2025)",
   "url": "https://www.neowin.net/news/instagram-joins-the-3-billion-monthly-active-club-alongside-facebook-and-whatsapp/",
   "retrievedAt": "2026-10-10",
   "role": "Secondary: report of Mark Zuckerberg's announcement",
   "licenseName": "Publisher copyright; figures reproduced as facts",
   "redistribution": "Figures extracted; source not redistributed"
  },
  {
   "id": "datareportal-youtube",
   "name": "DataReportal: Essential YouTube statistics",
   "url": "https://datareportal.com/essential-youtube-stats",
   "retrievedAt": "2026-10-10",
   "role": "Secondary: YouTube advertising reach from Google ad-planning data",
   "licenseName": "Publisher copyright; figures reproduced as facts",
   "redistribution": "Figures extracted; source not redistributed",
   "contentDigest": "sha256:345f5292ccf6da39f1a0bb774cb4f069cc3a2a60154c6cde51af3015ca32de68"
  },
  {
   "id": "datareportal-tiktok",
   "name": "DataReportal: Essential TikTok statistics",
   "url": "https://datareportal.com/essential-tiktok-stats",
   "retrievedAt": "2026-10-10",
   "role": "Secondary: TikTok advertising reach from ad-planning data",
   "licenseName": "Publisher copyright; figures reproduced as facts",
   "redistribution": "Figures extracted; source not redistributed",
   "contentDigest": "sha256:e36c4a9189a732b4df2596e33499fb3433123c697ecaa58fccee69fa10436310"
  },
  {
   "id": "spacex-fwp",
   "name": "SpaceX free writing prospectus filed with the SEC (May 2026)",
   "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1181412/000162828026040610/spacexfwp.htm",
   "retrievedAt": "2026-10-10",
   "role": "Primary: X and Grok monthly active users as of March 31, 2026",
   "licenseName": "Publisher copyright; figures reproduced as facts",
   "redistribution": "Figures extracted; source not redistributed",
   "archiveUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261010225349/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1181412/000162828026040610/spacexfwp.htm",
   "archivedAt": "2026-10-10T22:53:49Z",
   "contentDigest": "sha256:68336edda541e8892480a09e4fd96ecaa27dc68380775459d5c9de77d9fb3f5e"
  },
  {
   "id": "reddit-q2-2026",
   "name": "Reddit Reports Second Quarter 2026 Results (SEC Form 8-K exhibit)",
   "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001713445/000171344526000098/earningspressreleaseq226.htm",
   "retrievedAt": "2026-10-10",
   "role": "Primary: daily and weekly active uniques",
   "licenseName": "Publisher copyright; figures reproduced as facts",
   "redistribution": "Figures extracted; source not redistributed",
   "archiveUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261010225416/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1713445/000171344526000098/earningspressreleaseq226.htm",
   "archivedAt": "2026-10-10T22:54:16Z",
   "contentDigest": "sha256:f30ea0eb1eb5cbb9a03e237c994b42f2f1c04b65f1a922619ec520f0a02c5c8a"
  },
  {
   "id": "threads-500m",
   "name": "Social Media Today: Threads reaches 500 million user milestone (June 2026)",
   "url": "https://www.socialmediatoday.com/news/threads-reaches-500-million-user-milestone/823099/",
   "retrievedAt": "2026-10-10",
   "role": "Secondary: report of Meta's announcement",
   "licenseName": "Publisher copyright; figures reproduced as facts",
   "redistribution": "Figures extracted; source not redistributed",
   "archiveUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261010225430/https://www.socialmediatoday.com/news/threads-reaches-500m-user-milestone/823099/",
   "archivedAt": "2026-10-10T22:54:30Z"
  },
  {
   "id": "rumble-q1-2026",
   "name": "Rumble first quarter 2026 results (SEC Form 8-K exhibit, May 14, 2026)",
   "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001830081/000121390026056619/ea029055101ex99-1.htm",
   "retrievedAt": "2026-10-10",
   "role": "Primary: average global monthly active users",
   "licenseName": "Publisher copyright; figures reproduced as facts",
   "redistribution": "Figures extracted; source not redistributed",
   "archiveUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261010225437/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1830081/000121390026056619/ea029055101ex99-1.htm",
   "archivedAt": "2026-10-10T22:54:37Z",
   "contentDigest": "sha256:674a49d887d420ec89f4b8692292a880069217c363c7573ee266f0b0e42a15cc"
  },
  {
   "id": "techcrunch-bluesky",
   "name": "TechCrunch: Bluesky's active user base is shrinking (August 11, 2026), citing Similarweb",
   "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2026/08/11/blueskys-active-user-base-is-shrinking-as-its-focus-expands-beyond-the-app/",
   "retrievedAt": "2026-10-10",
   "role": "Secondary: Similarweb estimates for Bluesky, X and Threads",
   "licenseName": "Publisher copyright; figures reproduced as facts",
   "redistribution": "Figures extracted; source not redistributed",
   "archiveUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261001230654/https://techcrunch.com/2026/08/11/blueskys-active-user-base-is-shrinking-as-its-focus-expands-beyond-the-app/",
   "archivedAt": "2026-10-01T23:06:54Z"
  },
  {
   "id": "gvwire-truth-social",
   "name": "GV Wire (New York Times): Traffic to Trump's Truth Social falls sharply this summer (August 10, 2026), citing Similarweb",
   "url": "https://gvwire.com/2026/08/10/traffic-to-trumps-truth-social-falls-sharply-this-summer/",
   "retrievedAt": "2026-10-10",
   "role": "Secondary: Similarweb visit estimates for Truth Social",
   "licenseName": "Publisher copyright; figures reproduced as facts",
   "redistribution": "Figures extracted; source not redistributed"
  },
  {
   "id": "mastodon-stats",
   "name": "Mastodon project statistics API",
   "url": "https://api.joinmastodon.org/statistics",
   "retrievedAt": "2026-10-10",
   "role": "Primary: daily server, account and active-user counts",
   "licenseName": "Publisher copyright; figures reproduced as facts",
   "redistribution": "Figures extracted; source not redistributed",
   "contentDigest": "sha256:d74f9cf2c9b71b7635beff1b113220c772e932cc43f25c1ae51405df70800de4"
  }
 ],
 "tables": [
  {
   "id": "platform-size",
   "title": "Social platform size",
   "artifactId": "platform-size",
   "unitOfObservation": "One platform",
   "description": "Latest available user figures for eleven social platforms, with the measure behind each.",
   "fields": [
    {
     "name": "platform",
     "type": "string",
     "description": "Platform name.",
     "nullable": false,
     "valueType": "observed"
    },
    {
     "name": "owner",
     "type": "string",
     "description": "Owning company or operator.",
     "nullable": false,
     "valueType": "observed"
    },
    {
     "name": "users_monthly",
     "type": "integer",
     "description": "Monthly users as reported or estimated (see value_type and metric). Empty when no monthly figure exists.",
     "nullable": true,
     "valueType": "observed",
     "units": "users",
     "sourceIds": [
      "datareportal-youtube",
      "meta-q4-2023",
      "instagram-3b",
      "datareportal-tiktok",
      "spacex-fwp",
      "reddit-q2-2026",
      "threads-500m",
      "rumble-q1-2026",
      "techcrunch-bluesky",
      "gvwire-truth-social",
      "mastodon-stats"
     ]
    },
    {
     "name": "users_low",
     "type": "integer",
     "description": "A lower-bound or proxy figure: advertising reach, weekly users, or a mobile-only estimate. Empty when not needed.",
     "nullable": true,
     "valueType": "observed",
     "units": "users",
     "sourceIds": [
      "datareportal-youtube",
      "meta-q4-2023",
      "instagram-3b",
      "datareportal-tiktok",
      "spacex-fwp",
      "reddit-q2-2026",
      "threads-500m",
      "rumble-q1-2026",
      "techcrunch-bluesky",
      "gvwire-truth-social",
      "mastodon-stats"
     ]
    },
    {
     "name": "value_type",
     "type": "string",
     "description": "reported (company figure), estimated (third-party), or proxy (a related measure, not monthly users).",
     "nullable": false,
     "valueType": "derived",
     "derivation": "FactHub classification of the source."
    },
    {
     "name": "metric",
     "type": "string",
     "description": "Exact measure behind the figures.",
     "nullable": false,
     "valueType": "observed"
    },
    {
     "name": "as_of",
     "type": "string",
     "description": "Date or month the figure refers to.",
     "nullable": false,
     "valueType": "observed"
    },
    {
     "name": "source_id",
     "type": "string",
     "description": "Id of the source entry for the user figure.",
     "nullable": false,
     "valueType": "observed"
    },
    {
     "name": "registered_accounts",
     "type": "integer",
     "description": "Registered accounts, where the platform publishes them.",
     "nullable": true,
     "valueType": "observed",
     "units": "accounts",
     "sourceIds": [
      "techcrunch-bluesky",
      "mastodon-stats"
     ]
    },
    {
     "name": "pew_2025_us_adults_pct",
     "type": "number",
     "description": "Share of US adults who say they ever use the platform (Pew, 2025). Empty when Pew did not report it.",
     "nullable": true,
     "valueType": "observed",
     "units": "percent",
     "sourceIds": [
      "pew-factsheet"
     ]
    },
    {
     "name": "notes",
     "type": "string",
     "description": "Caveats and related figures.",
     "nullable": true,
     "valueType": "observed"
    }
   ]
  }
 ],
 "analyses": [
  {
   "id": "users-for-comparison",
   "title": "Platforms ranked by best available user figure",
   "question": "Roughly how many people use each platform worldwide?",
   "operation": "For each platform, take users_monthly if present, otherwise users_low; sort descending. Truth Social is omitted (no figure).",
   "scope": "Ten platforms with a figure; dates and measures differ.",
   "resultShape": "table",
   "structuredResult": {
    "rows": [
     {
      "platform": "Facebook",
      "users_for_comparison": 3070000000,
      "basis": "Monthly active users",
      "value_type": "reported",
      "as_of": "2023-12-31"
     },
     {
      "platform": "Instagram",
      "users_for_comparison": 3000000000,
      "basis": "Monthly active users (CEO announcement)",
      "value_type": "reported",
      "as_of": "2025-09-24"
     },
     {
      "platform": "YouTube",
      "users_for_comparison": 2530000000,
      "basis": "Advertising reach (Google ad-planning data); Google publishes no user count",
      "value_type": "proxy",
      "as_of": "2025-01"
     },
     {
      "platform": "TikTok",
      "users_for_comparison": 1590000000,
      "basis": "Advertising reach, users 18+ (ad-planning data); TikTok publishes no global user count",
      "value_type": "proxy",
      "as_of": "2025-01"
     },
     {
      "platform": "X",
      "users_for_comparison": 550000000,
      "basis": "Monthly active users across X and Grok combined (SEC filing); low value is Similarweb's estimate of X mobile-app users, June 2026",
      "value_type": "reported",
      "as_of": "2026-03-31"
     },
     {
      "platform": "Reddit",
      "users_for_comparison": 514600000,
      "basis": "Weekly active uniques (Reddit does not report monthly users; monthly users must be at least this)",
      "value_type": "proxy",
      "as_of": "2026-06-30"
     },
     {
      "platform": "Threads",
      "users_for_comparison": 500000000,
      "basis": "Monthly active users (company announcement)",
      "value_type": "reported",
      "as_of": "2026-06-16"
     },
     {
      "platform": "Rumble",
      "users_for_comparison": 56000000,
      "basis": "Average global monthly active users, Q1 2026 (SEC filing)",
      "value_type": "reported",
      "as_of": "2026-03-31"
     },
     {
      "platform": "Bluesky",
      "users_for_comparison": 10400000,
      "basis": "Monthly active users of the mobile app (Similarweb); web users not included",
      "value_type": "estimated",
      "as_of": "2026-06"
     },
     {
      "platform": "Mastodon",
      "users_for_comparison": 728201,
      "basis": "Active users across servers tracked by the Mastodon project's statistics API",
      "value_type": "reported",
      "as_of": "2026-10-10"
     }
    ]
   },
   "displayResult": "Facebook: 3,070 million; Instagram: 3,000 million; YouTube: 2,530 million; TikTok: 1,590 million; X: 550 million; Reddit: 514.6 million; Threads: 500 million; Rumble: 56 million; Bluesky: 10.4 million; Mastodon: 0.7 million",
   "methodologicalNotes": [
    "Mixes measures; see basis and value_type for each row.",
    "Spans about 4,000-fold from Facebook (3.07 billion) to Mastodon (0.73 million)."
   ],
   "limitations": [
    "Not like-for-like: monthly users, weekly users, ad reach and mobile-only estimates are combined for a sense of scale only.",
    "A log scale is needed to chart all platforms."
   ],
   "executedAt": "2026-10-10T23:40:00Z"
  },
  {
   "id": "pew-us-reach",
   "title": "Share of US adults who use each platform (Pew, 2025)",
   "question": "What share of US adults use each platform?",
   "operation": "Copy the 2025 row of Pew's Social Media Fact Sheet; sort descending.",
   "scope": "Nine platforms Pew reports; survey fielded Feb. 5 to June 18, 2025, 5,022 US adults.",
   "resultShape": "table",
   "structuredResult": {
    "rows": [
     {
      "platform": "YouTube",
      "pew_2025_us_adults_pct": 84
     },
     {
      "platform": "Facebook",
      "pew_2025_us_adults_pct": 71
     },
     {
      "platform": "Instagram",
      "pew_2025_us_adults_pct": 50
     },
     {
      "platform": "TikTok",
      "pew_2025_us_adults_pct": 37
     },
     {
      "platform": "Reddit",
      "pew_2025_us_adults_pct": 26
     },
     {
      "platform": "X",
      "pew_2025_us_adults_pct": 21
     },
     {
      "platform": "Threads",
      "pew_2025_us_adults_pct": 8
     },
     {
      "platform": "Bluesky",
      "pew_2025_us_adults_pct": 4
     },
     {
      "platform": "Truth Social",
      "pew_2025_us_adults_pct": 3
     }
    ]
   },
   "displayResult": "YouTube: 84%; Facebook: 71%; Instagram: 50%; TikTok: 37%; Reddit: 26%; X: 21%; Threads: 8%; Bluesky: 4%; Truth Social: 3%",
   "methodologicalNotes": [
    "\"Ever use\" the platform, as reported by respondents."
   ],
   "limitations": [
    "Self-reported use; does not measure frequency.",
    "Pew did not report Rumble or Mastodon."
   ],
   "executedAt": "2026-10-10T23:40:00Z"
  }
 ]
}