{ "sources": [ { "id": "eia-state-generation", "name": "U.S. Energy Information Administration, State Historical Tables: Net Generation by State by Type of Producer by Energy Source, 1990-2025 (Final, released September 2026)", "url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/state/annual_generation_state.xlsx", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-09", "role": "Primary source for annual Washington net generation by energy source and for the state hydro ranking (EIA-923 and predecessor forms).", "licenseName": "U.S. federal government work (public domain)", "redistribution": "Linked as a public record; the source file is not redistributed. Its SHA-256 is recorded here and in source-manifest.json.", "archiveUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261009165413/https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/state/annual_generation_state.xlsx", "archivedAt": "2026-10-09T16:54:13+00:00", "contentDigest": "sha256:678535c21b30c98bb1dc27632ec12db1beb3687f3bb524e4c8850f7d89fe71a1" }, { "id": "eia-sep-washington", "name": "U.S. Energy Information Administration, State Electricity Profile tables for Washington (data year 2024)", "url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/state/xls/SEP%20Tables%20for%20WA.xlsx", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-09", "role": "Table 10 (supply and disposition: retail sales, international trade, net interstate trade) and cross-check of Table 5 generation totals.", "licenseName": "U.S. federal government work (public domain)", "redistribution": "Linked as a public record; the source file is not redistributed. Its SHA-256 is recorded here and in source-manifest.json.", "archiveUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261009170234/https://www.eia.gov/electricity/state/xls/SEP%20Tables%20for%20WA.xlsx", "archivedAt": "2026-10-09T17:02:34+00:00", "contentDigest": "sha256:8c74e06d325f608202bafb31df486a22da2825a2ec2ec4e4c4ca4a8582ba93e6" }, { "id": "eia-860-2025", "name": "U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-860 Annual Electric Generator Report, 2025 final data (eia8602025.zip, file 3_1_Generator_Y2025.xlsx, sheet Operable)", "url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/xls/eia8602025.zip", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-09", "role": "Generator-level nameplate, summer and winter capacity used to rank U.S. plants by capacity.", "licenseName": "U.S. federal government work (public domain)", "redistribution": "Linked as a public record; the source file is not redistributed. Its SHA-256 is recorded here and in source-manifest.json.", "archiveUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261009175720/https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/xls/eia8602025.zip", "archivedAt": "2026-10-09T17:57:20+00:00", "contentDigest": "sha256:2b27929d26cc1da9ad6a530da1cac6718cd8496098ee560c4d47cfffd96d08ba" }, { "id": "eia-923-2025", "name": "U.S. Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-923 Power Plant Operations Report, 2025 final data (f923_2025.zip, Schedules 2-5, Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data)", "url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/xls/f923_2025.zip", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-09", "role": "Plant-level 2025 net generation used to rank U.S. plants by annual output.", "licenseName": "U.S. federal government work (public domain)", "redistribution": "Linked as a public record; the source file is not redistributed. Its SHA-256 is recorded here and in source-manifest.json.", "archiveUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261009175813/https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/xls/f923_2025.zip", "archivedAt": "2026-10-09T17:58:13+00:00", "contentDigest": "sha256:1bff7092a86f6678c069c986829da5a23104048fc1aafb65b0776e3c904284de" }, { "id": "wa-commerce-fuel-mix", "name": "Washington State Department of Commerce, Fuel Mix Disclosure", "url": "https://www.commerce.wa.gov/energy-policy/electricity-policy/fuel-mix-disclosure/", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-09", "role": "Consumption-side check: the aggregate 2024 fuel mix of electricity Washington utilities reported delivering to Washington customers.", "licenseName": "Washington State public record", "redistribution": "Linked as a public record; the source file is not redistributed. Its SHA-256 is recorded here and in source-manifest.json.", "archiveUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261009165821/https://www.commerce.wa.gov/energy-policy/electricity-policy/fuel-mix-disclosure/", "archivedAt": "2026-10-09T16:58:21+00:00", "contentDigest": "sha256:a236f92050368a071487ba058f3c811a27ce7aec3aee526b7b2d431a7bf74293" }, { "id": "wa-commerce-fuel-mix-chart", "name": "Washington State Department of Commerce, chart \"Washington electric utilities aggregate 2024 fuel mix\" (image on the Fuel Mix Disclosure page)", "url": "https://www.commerce.wa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/2024_fuel-mix-chart-1536x890.png", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-09", "role": "The labeled percentages transcribed into the wa-utility-fuel-mix-2024 table.", "licenseName": "Washington State public record", "redistribution": "Linked as a public record; the source file is not redistributed. Its SHA-256 is recorded here and in source-manifest.json.", "contentDigest": "sha256:73759ee0811473431b19d0d5a44f9191389e0ee1e8601407cdd96f2d847e612b" }, { "id": "usbr-grand-coulee", "name": "U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Grand Coulee Dam: About", "url": "https://www.usbr.gov/pn/grandcoulee/about/index.html", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-09", "role": "Operator statement of Grand Coulee generating capacity (6,809 MW) and typical output (up to 21 billion kWh), used as a replication check.", "licenseName": "U.S. federal government work (public domain)", "redistribution": "Linked as a public record; the source file is not redistributed. Its SHA-256 is recorded here and in source-manifest.json.", "archiveUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261009165921/https://www.usbr.gov/pn/grandcoulee/about/index.html", "archivedAt": "2026-10-09T16:59:21+00:00", "contentDigest": "sha256:58687e1aa6c887cde2f5b777072d60c183bec991d95d7b1a721efb6a4eac4518" }, { "id": "eia-tie-2024-drought", "name": "U.S. Energy Information Administration, Today in Energy, \"Drought conditions reduce hydropower generation, particularly in the Pacific Northwest\" (November 7, 2024)", "url": "https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=63664", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-09", "role": "Context on 2023-2024 Pacific Northwest hydro conditions; states Grand Coulee net summer capacity as 6.7 GW.", "licenseName": "U.S. federal government work (public domain)", "redistribution": "Linked as a public record; the source file is not redistributed. Its SHA-256 is recorded here and in source-manifest.json.", "archiveUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261009170311/https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=63664", "archivedAt": "2026-10-09T17:03:11+00:00", "contentDigest": "sha256:f008af1236d134dcc443d518012f504e41adc8c38ce2a5ba7cc60b285e059367" }, { "id": "ecology-drought-2024", "name": "Washington State Department of Ecology, news release, April 16, 2024 drought declaration", "url": "https://ecology.wa.gov/about-us/who-we-are/news/2024/april-16-drought-declaration", "retrievedAt": "2026-10-09", "role": "Dates the 2024 statewide drought emergency and the 2023 emergency covering 12 watersheds.", "licenseName": "Washington State public record", "redistribution": "Linked as a public record; the source file is not redistributed. Its SHA-256 is recorded here and in source-manifest.json.", "archiveUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261009170117/https://ecology.wa.gov/about-us/who-we-are/news/2024/april-16-drought-declaration", "archivedAt": "2026-10-09T17:01:17+00:00", "contentDigest": "sha256:33e4dfc3afd18f27e4df16886c3ed1ece63f1495e0f7c6a120a9d9501861970d" } ], "tables": [ { "id": "wa-generation-by-source", "artifactId": "wa-generation-by-source", "title": "Washington net generation by energy source, 2001-2025", "unitOfObservation": "One year and one EIA energy-source category for Washington, all producer types (Total Electric Power Industry).", "description": "Annual in-state net generation by energy source as published by EIA, with each source's share of the state total.", "fields": [ { "name": "year", "type": "integer", "units": "calendar year", "description": "Data year.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "observed", "sourceIds": [ "eia-state-generation" ] }, { "name": "source", "type": "string", "units": null, "description": "Short code for the EIA energy source (hydro, natural_gas, nuclear, wind, coal, solar, wood, other_biomass, other_gases, petroleum, pumped_storage, other).", "nullable": false, "valueType": "derived", "sourceIds": [ "eia-state-generation" ], "derivation": "One-to-one recode of eia_energy_source." }, { "name": "eia_energy_source", "type": "string", "units": null, "description": "EIA ENERGY SOURCE label exactly as published.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "observed", "sourceIds": [ "eia-state-generation" ] }, { "name": "net_generation_mwh", "type": "integer", "units": "megawatthours (MWh)", "description": "Net generation. Pumped storage can be negative because pumping consumes more than it generates. A source absent from EIA's file for a year has no row (not zero).", "nullable": false, "valueType": "observed", "sourceIds": [ "eia-state-generation" ], "derivation": "Rounded to whole MWh; EIA reports a few years with fractional MWh." }, { "name": "share_of_total_pct", "type": "number", "units": "percent", "description": "net_generation_mwh divided by EIA's Washington Total for the year.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "derived", "sourceIds": [ "eia-state-generation" ], "derivation": "100 * net_generation_mwh / Total, rounded to 0.01." } ] }, { "id": "wa-hydro-annual", "artifactId": "wa-hydro-annual", "title": "Washington conventional hydro share and national rank, 2001-2025", "unitOfObservation": "One year for Washington.", "description": "Hydro share of in-state net generation and Washington's rank among the 50 states and DC for conventional hydroelectric generation.", "fields": [ { "name": "year", "type": "integer", "units": "calendar year", "description": "Data year.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "observed", "sourceIds": [ "eia-state-generation" ] }, { "name": "total_net_generation_mwh", "type": "integer", "units": "megawatthours (MWh)", "description": "Washington total net generation, all sources and producer types.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "observed", "sourceIds": [ "eia-state-generation" ] }, { "name": "hydro_net_generation_mwh", "type": "integer", "units": "megawatthours (MWh)", "description": "Conventional hydroelectric net generation (excludes pumped storage).", "nullable": false, "valueType": "observed", "sourceIds": [ "eia-state-generation" ] }, { "name": "hydro_share_pct", "type": "number", "units": "percent", "description": "Hydro share of in-state net generation.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "derived", "sourceIds": [ "eia-state-generation" ], "derivation": "100 * hydro / total, rounded to 0.1." }, { "name": "non_hydro_net_generation_mwh", "type": "integer", "units": "megawatthours (MWh)", "description": "Total minus conventional hydro.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "derived", "sourceIds": [ "eia-state-generation" ], "derivation": "total - hydro." }, { "name": "wa_hydro_rank_among_states", "type": "integer", "units": "rank (1 = most)", "description": "Rank of Washington's conventional hydro generation among the 50 states and DC.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "derived", "sourceIds": [ "eia-state-generation" ], "derivation": "States sorted by Hydroelectric Conventional, Total Electric Power Industry; US-TOTAL rows excluded." }, { "name": "us_hydro_net_generation_mwh", "type": "integer", "units": "megawatthours (MWh)", "description": "Sum of conventional hydro across the 50 states and DC.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "derived", "sourceIds": [ "eia-state-generation" ], "derivation": "Sum over state rows." }, { "name": "wa_share_of_us_hydro_pct", "type": "number", "units": "percent", "description": "Washington share of U.S. conventional hydro generation.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "derived", "sourceIds": [ "eia-state-generation" ], "derivation": "100 * WA hydro / U.S. hydro, rounded to 0.1." }, { "name": "second_ranked_state", "type": "string", "units": "USPS state code", "description": "State with the second-largest conventional hydro generation that year.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "derived", "sourceIds": [ "eia-state-generation" ] }, { "name": "second_ranked_state_hydro_mwh", "type": "integer", "units": "megawatthours (MWh)", "description": "That state's conventional hydro generation.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "observed", "sourceIds": [ "eia-state-generation" ] } ] }, { "id": "state-hydro-rank-2025", "artifactId": "state-hydro-rank-2025", "title": "Top 10 states by conventional hydro generation, 2025", "unitOfObservation": "One state in 2025.", "description": "The ten states with the most conventional hydroelectric net generation in 2025.", "fields": [ { "name": "year", "type": "integer", "units": "calendar year", "description": "Data year (2025).", "nullable": false, "valueType": "observed", "sourceIds": [ "eia-state-generation" ] }, { "name": "rank", "type": "integer", "units": "rank (1 = most)", "description": "Rank among the 50 states and DC.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "derived", "sourceIds": [ "eia-state-generation" ] }, { "name": "state", "type": "string", "units": "USPS state code", "description": "State.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "observed", "sourceIds": [ "eia-state-generation" ] }, { "name": "hydro_net_generation_mwh", "type": "integer", "units": "megawatthours (MWh)", "description": "Conventional hydro net generation.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "observed", "sourceIds": [ "eia-state-generation" ] }, { "name": "share_of_us_hydro_pct", "type": "number", "units": "percent", "description": "Share of U.S. conventional hydro.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "derived", "sourceIds": [ "eia-state-generation" ], "derivation": "100 * state / sum of states, rounded to 0.1." } ] }, { "id": "wa-supply-disposition", "artifactId": "wa-supply-disposition", "title": "Washington electricity supply and disposition, 2001-2024", "unitOfObservation": "One year for Washington.", "description": "EIA State Electricity Profile Table 10 rows: generation, retail sales, direct use, losses, international trade and EIA's computed net interstate trade, with two derived ratios.", "fields": [ { "name": "year", "type": "integer", "units": "calendar year", "description": "Data year.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "observed", "sourceIds": [ "eia-sep-washington" ] }, { "name": "total_net_generation_mwh", "type": "integer", "units": "megawatthours (MWh)", "description": "Table 10 Total net generation.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "observed", "sourceIds": [ "eia-sep-washington" ] }, { "name": "retail_sales_mwh", "type": "integer", "units": "megawatthours (MWh)", "description": "Table 10 Total electric industry sales to ultimate customers in Washington.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "observed", "sourceIds": [ "eia-sep-washington" ] }, { "name": "direct_use_mwh", "type": "integer", "units": "megawatthours (MWh)", "description": "Table 10 Direct use.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "observed", "sourceIds": [ "eia-sep-washington" ] }, { "name": "estimated_losses_mwh", "type": "integer", "units": "megawatthours (MWh)", "description": "Table 10 Estimated losses (allocated by EIA from utility-level reports).", "nullable": false, "valueType": "estimated", "sourceIds": [ "eia-sep-washington" ] }, { "name": "international_imports_mwh", "type": "integer", "units": "megawatthours (MWh)", "description": "Table 10 Total international imports (Canada).", "nullable": false, "valueType": "observed", "sourceIds": [ "eia-sep-washington" ] }, { "name": "international_exports_mwh", "type": "integer", "units": "megawatthours (MWh)", "description": "Table 10 Total international exports.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "observed", "sourceIds": [ "eia-sep-washington" ] }, { "name": "net_interstate_trade_mwh", "type": "integer", "units": "megawatthours (MWh)", "description": "Table 10 Net interstate trade; positive = net exporter to other states, negative = net importer. EIA computes it as a residual.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "estimated", "sourceIds": [ "eia-sep-washington" ] }, { "name": "generation_to_retail_sales_ratio", "type": "number", "units": "ratio", "description": "Total net generation divided by retail sales.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "derived", "sourceIds": [ "eia-sep-washington" ], "derivation": "Rounded to 0.01." }, { "name": "hydro_to_retail_sales_pct", "type": "number", "units": "percent", "description": "In-state conventional hydro generation as a percent of in-state retail sales. A volume ratio, not the share of hydro in what customers bought.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "derived", "sourceIds": [ "eia-sep-washington", "eia-state-generation" ], "derivation": "100 * hydro (wa-hydro-annual) / retail_sales_mwh, rounded to 0.1." } ] }, { "id": "largest-plants-capacity-2025", "artifactId": "largest-plants-capacity-2025", "title": "Ten largest U.S. power plants by nameplate capacity, end of 2025", "unitOfObservation": "One EIA plant (plant code).", "description": "Plant capacity summed over all operable generators in EIA-860 2025, ranked by nameplate capacity, with rank by net summer capacity.", "fields": [ { "name": "rank_by_nameplate", "type": "integer", "units": "rank (1 = largest)", "description": "Rank among all U.S. plants by summed nameplate capacity.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "derived", "sourceIds": [ "eia-860-2025" ] }, { "name": "rank_by_summer_capacity", "type": "integer", "units": "rank (1 = largest)", "description": "Rank among all U.S. plants by summed net summer capacity.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "derived", "sourceIds": [ "eia-860-2025" ] }, { "name": "plant_code", "type": "integer", "units": null, "description": "EIA plant code.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "observed", "sourceIds": [ "eia-860-2025" ] }, { "name": "plant_name", "type": "string", "units": null, "description": "EIA plant name.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "observed", "sourceIds": [ "eia-860-2025" ] }, { "name": "state", "type": "string", "units": "USPS state code", "description": "Plant state.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "observed", "sourceIds": [ "eia-860-2025" ] }, { "name": "operator", "type": "string", "units": null, "description": "Utility name on the first listed generator.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "observed", "sourceIds": [ "eia-860-2025" ] }, { "name": "primary_technology", "type": "string", "units": null, "description": "EIA technology with the most nameplate capacity at the plant.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "derived", "sourceIds": [ "eia-860-2025" ] }, { "name": "operable_generators", "type": "integer", "units": "generators", "description": "Count of operable generator records.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "derived", "sourceIds": [ "eia-860-2025" ] }, { "name": "nameplate_capacity_mw", "type": "number", "units": "megawatts (MW)", "description": "Sum of generator nameplate capacity.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "derived", "sourceIds": [ "eia-860-2025" ], "derivation": "Sum of Nameplate Capacity (MW), Operable sheet." }, { "name": "summer_capacity_mw", "type": "number", "units": "megawatts (MW)", "description": "Sum of generator net summer capacity.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "derived", "sourceIds": [ "eia-860-2025" ], "derivation": "Sum of Summer Capacity (MW)." }, { "name": "winter_capacity_mw", "type": "number", "units": "megawatts (MW)", "description": "Sum of generator net winter capacity.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "derived", "sourceIds": [ "eia-860-2025" ], "derivation": "Sum of Winter Capacity (MW)." } ] }, { "id": "largest-plants-generation-2025", "artifactId": "largest-plants-generation-2025", "title": "Ten largest U.S. power plants by net generation, 2025", "unitOfObservation": "One EIA plant (plant ID).", "description": "Plant net generation for 2025 from EIA-923, summed over all prime mover and fuel rows, ranked.", "fields": [ { "name": "rank_by_net_generation", "type": "integer", "units": "rank (1 = most)", "description": "Rank among all U.S. plants in EIA-923 2025 Page 1.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "derived", "sourceIds": [ "eia-923-2025" ] }, { "name": "plant_code", "type": "integer", "units": null, "description": "EIA plant ID.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "observed", "sourceIds": [ "eia-923-2025" ] }, { "name": "plant_name", "type": "string", "units": null, "description": "EIA plant name.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "observed", "sourceIds": [ "eia-923-2025" ] }, { "name": "state", "type": "string", "units": "USPS state code", "description": "Plant state.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "observed", "sourceIds": [ "eia-923-2025" ] }, { "name": "primary_technology", "type": "string", "units": null, "description": "Technology with the most nameplate capacity in EIA-860 2025.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "derived", "sourceIds": [ "eia-860-2025" ] }, { "name": "net_generation_2025_mwh", "type": "integer", "units": "megawatthours (MWh)", "description": "Sum of Net Generation (Megawatthours) over the plant's rows.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "derived", "sourceIds": [ "eia-923-2025" ] }, { "name": "nameplate_capacity_mw", "type": "number", "units": "megawatts (MW)", "description": "Summed EIA-860 nameplate capacity.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "derived", "sourceIds": [ "eia-860-2025" ] }, { "name": "capacity_factor_pct", "type": "number", "units": "percent", "description": "Net generation divided by nameplate capacity times 8,760 hours.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "derived", "sourceIds": [ "eia-923-2025", "eia-860-2025" ], "derivation": "Uses year-end capacity; approximate for plants whose capacity changed during 2025." } ] }, { "id": "wa-utility-fuel-mix-2024", "artifactId": "wa-utility-fuel-mix-2024", "title": "Washington utilities' aggregate 2024 fuel mix (Commerce)", "unitOfObservation": "One fuel category in the 2024 statewide utility fuel mix.", "description": "Share of electricity delivered by Washington utilities to Washington customers in 2024, by fuel, as labeled on the Department of Commerce chart.", "fields": [ { "name": "year", "type": "integer", "units": "calendar year", "description": "Fuel-mix year (2024).", "nullable": false, "valueType": "observed", "sourceIds": [ "wa-commerce-fuel-mix" ] }, { "name": "fuel", "type": "string", "units": null, "description": "Commerce fuel category; Unspecified is power whose source the utility could not identify (mostly market purchases).", "nullable": false, "valueType": "observed", "sourceIds": [ "wa-commerce-fuel-mix-chart" ] }, { "name": "share_pct", "type": "number", "units": "percent", "description": "Share of the statewide aggregate fuel mix, as printed on the chart.", "nullable": false, "valueType": "observed", "sourceIds": [ "wa-commerce-fuel-mix-chart" ], "derivation": "Transcribed by hand from the chart labels; labels sum to 100.02 because of rounding." } ] } ], "events": [ { "id": "drought-2023", "eventType": "droughtDeclaration", "startDate": "2023-04-01", "endDate": "2023-12-31", "label": "2023 drought emergency (12 watersheds)", "description": "Washington's 2023 drought emergency covered 12 watersheds; Ecology described the 2024 declaration as a continuation of it. Dates bracket the 2023 year only; see the source for exact declaration dates.", "sourceIds": [ "ecology-drought-2024" ] }, { "id": "drought-2024", "eventType": "droughtDeclaration", "date": "2024-04-16", "label": "2024 statewide drought emergency", "description": "Ecology declared a drought emergency for most of Washington, excluding the Seattle, Tacoma and Everett service areas, citing water supply below 75% of normal.", "sourceIds": [ "ecology-drought-2024" ] } ], "analyses": [ { "executedAt": "2026-10-09T17:00:00+00:00", "id": "wa-hydro-share-annual", "title": "Hydro share of Washington in-state net generation, 2001-2025", "question": "What share of electricity generated in Washington came from conventional hydropower each year?", "operation": "ratio", "parameters": { "tableId": "wa-hydro-annual", "numerator": "hydro_net_generation_mwh", "denominator": "total_net_generation_mwh", "producerType": "Total Electric Power Industry" }, "scope": "Washington, calendar years 2001-2025 (EIA final data).", "resultShape": "timeSeries", "structuredResult": [ { "year": 2001, "date": "2001-01-01", "series": "Hydro share of in-state net generation", "hydro_share_pct": 65.9 }, { "year": 2002, "date": "2002-01-01", "series": "Hydro share of in-state net generation", "hydro_share_pct": 76.1 }, { "year": 2003, "date": "2003-01-01", "series": "Hydro share of in-state net generation", "hydro_share_pct": 71.7 }, { "year": 2004, "date": "2004-01-01", "series": "Hydro share of in-state net generation", "hydro_share_pct": 70.1 }, { "year": 2005, "date": "2005-01-01", "series": "Hydro share of in-state net generation", "hydro_share_pct": 70.7 }, { "year": 2006, "date": "2006-01-01", "series": "Hydro share of in-state net generation", "hydro_share_pct": 75.8 }, { "year": 2007, "date": "2007-01-01", "series": "Hydro share of in-state net generation", "hydro_share_pct": 73.7 }, { "year": 2008, "date": "2008-01-01", "series": "Hydro share of in-state net generation", "hydro_share_pct": 70.1 }, { "year": 2009, "date": "2009-01-01", "series": "Hydro share of in-state net generation", "hydro_share_pct": 69.8 }, { "year": 2010, "date": "2010-01-01", "series": "Hydro share of in-state net generation", "hydro_share_pct": 66 }, { "year": 2011, "date": "2011-01-01", "series": "Hydro share of in-state net generation", "hydro_share_pct": 79.7 }, { "year": 2012, "date": "2012-01-01", "series": "Hydro share of in-state net generation", "hydro_share_pct": 76.6 }, { "year": 2013, "date": "2013-01-01", "series": "Hydro share of in-state net generation", "hydro_share_pct": 68.5 }, { "year": 2014, "date": "2014-01-01", "series": "Hydro share of in-state net generation", "hydro_share_pct": 68.3 }, { "year": 2015, "date": "2015-01-01", "series": "Hydro share of in-state net generation", "hydro_share_pct": 67.2 }, { "year": 2016, "date": "2016-01-01", "series": "Hydro share of in-state net generation", "hydro_share_pct": 68.7 }, { "year": 2017, "date": "2017-01-01", "series": "Hydro share of in-state net generation", "hydro_share_pct": 70.9 }, { "year": 2018, "date": "2018-01-01", "series": "Hydro share of in-state net generation", "hydro_share_pct": 69.3 }, { "year": 2019, "date": "2019-01-01", "series": "Hydro share of in-state net generation", "hydro_share_pct": 62 }, { "year": 2020, "date": "2020-01-01", "series": "Hydro share of in-state net generation", "hydro_share_pct": 65.8 }, { "year": 2021, "date": "2021-01-01", "series": "Hydro share of in-state net generation", "hydro_share_pct": 64.4 }, { "year": 2022, "date": "2022-01-01", "series": "Hydro share of in-state net generation", "hydro_share_pct": 67.6 }, { "year": 2023, "date": "2023-01-01", "series": "Hydro share of in-state net generation", "hydro_share_pct": 59.7 }, { "year": 2024, "date": "2024-01-01", "series": "Hydro share of in-state net generation", "hydro_share_pct": 59.3 }, { "year": 2025, "date": "2025-01-01", "series": "Hydro share of in-state net generation", "hydro_share_pct": 63.6 } ], "displayResult": "Hydro supplied 59.3% (2024) to 79.7% (2011) of in-state net generation; 59.7% in 2023, 59.3% in 2024 and 63.6% in 2025.", "methodologicalNotes": [ "Share = Hydroelectric Conventional / Total, both for Total Electric Power Industry in EIA's State Historical Tables.", "date is January 1 of each year, supplied only so charts can place annual values on a time axis." ], "limitations": [ "Net generation measures electricity produced by plants located in Washington, not the electricity Washington customers use; Washington trades large volumes with other states and Canada.", "Conventional hydro excludes pumped storage, which EIA reports separately and which is near zero or negative in Washington.", "Annual shares hide large seasonal swings in hydro output (spring runoff versus late summer and winter)." ], "robustnessChecks": [ { "analysisId": "wa-utility-fuel-mix-2024", "checkType": "alternativeComparison", "summary": "Measured by what Washington utilities delivered to customers rather than what in-state plants generated, hydro was 48.73% of the 2024 mix, just under half, with 15.44% unspecified. This weakens \"most\" for consumption in 2024." }, { "analysisId": "wa-generation-vs-retail-sales", "checkType": "sensitivity", "summary": "Washington generated more electricity than it sold at retail in every year 2001-2024; in-state hydro alone equalled 67.5% of 2024 retail sales. EIA estimates small net interstate imports in 2001, 2010, 2023, 2024." } ] }, { "executedAt": "2026-10-09T17:00:00+00:00", "id": "wa-hydro-share-summary", "title": "Summary of the hydro share series", "question": "How low has the hydro share fallen, and in which years was it below 60 percent?", "operation": "summary-statistics", "parameters": { "analysisId": "wa-hydro-share-annual" }, "scope": "Washington, 2001-2025.", "resultShape": "table", "structuredResult": [ { "years": "2001-2025", "min_share_pct": 59.3, "min_year": 2024, "max_share_pct": 79.7, "max_year": 2011, "mean_share_pct": 68.9, "mean_share_2001_2010_pct": 71, "mean_share_2016_2025_pct": 65.1, "years_below_60_pct": [ 2023, 2024 ], "years_at_or_below_50_pct": [], "share_2023_pct": 59.7, "share_2024_pct": 59.3, "share_2025_pct": 63.6, "hydro_2025_mwh": 64661722, "total_2025_mwh": 101670382 } ], "displayResult": "Mean 68.9% (2001-2010 mean 71%, 2016-2025 mean 65.1%); below 60% only in 2023 and 2024; never at or below 50%. 2025: 64.7 of 101.7 TWh.", "methodologicalNotes": [ "Means are unweighted averages of annual shares." ], "limitations": [ "Net generation measures electricity produced by plants located in Washington, not the electricity Washington customers use; Washington trades large volumes with other states and Canada.", "Conventional hydro excludes pumped storage, which EIA reports separately and which is near zero or negative in Washington." ] }, { "executedAt": "2026-10-09T17:00:00+00:00", "id": "wa-hydro-state-rank", "title": "Washington rank among states for conventional hydro, 2001-2025", "question": "Is Washington the largest hydropower-producing state, and by how much?", "operation": "rank", "parameters": { "tableId": "wa-hydro-annual", "universe": "50 states and DC" }, "scope": "All states, 2001-2025.", "resultShape": "table", "structuredResult": [ { "year": 2001, "wa_hydro_rank_among_states": 1, "wa_share_of_us_hydro_pct": 25.2, "second_ranked_state": "OR", "second_ranked_state_hydro_mwh": 28644552, "wa_hydro_mwh": 54733895 }, { "year": 2002, "wa_hydro_rank_among_states": 1, "wa_share_of_us_hydro_pct": 29.6, "second_ranked_state": "OR", "second_ranked_state_hydro_mwh": 34413167, "wa_hydro_mwh": 78166664 }, { "year": 2003, "wa_hydro_rank_among_states": 1, "wa_share_of_us_hydro_pct": 26, "second_ranked_state": "CA", "second_ranked_state_hydro_mwh": 36370704, "wa_hydro_mwh": 71756783 }, { "year": 2004, "wa_hydro_rank_among_states": 1, "wa_share_of_us_hydro_pct": 26.7, "second_ranked_state": "CA", "second_ranked_state_hydro_mwh": 34140929, "wa_hydro_mwh": 71575700 }, { "year": 2005, "wa_hydro_rank_among_states": 1, "wa_share_of_us_hydro_pct": 26.7, "second_ranked_state": "CA", "second_ranked_state_hydro_mwh": 39631867, "wa_hydro_mwh": 72074649 }, { "year": 2006, "wa_hydro_rank_among_states": 1, "wa_share_of_us_hydro_pct": 28.4, "second_ranked_state": "CA", "second_ranked_state_hydro_mwh": 48047380, "wa_hydro_mwh": 82007629 }, { "year": 2007, "wa_hydro_rank_among_states": 1, "wa_share_of_us_hydro_pct": 31.8, "second_ranked_state": "OR", "second_ranked_state_hydro_mwh": 33587439, "wa_hydro_mwh": 78829195 }, { "year": 2008, "wa_hydro_rank_among_states": 1, "wa_share_of_us_hydro_pct": 30.5, "second_ranked_state": "OR", "second_ranked_state_hydro_mwh": 33805024, "wa_hydro_mwh": 77636758 }, { "year": 2009, "wa_hydro_rank_among_states": 1, "wa_share_of_us_hydro_pct": 26.7, "second_ranked_state": "OR", "second_ranked_state_hydro_mwh": 33033513, "wa_hydro_mwh": 72932704 }, { "year": 2010, "wa_hydro_rank_among_states": 1, "wa_share_of_us_hydro_pct": 26.2, "second_ranked_state": "CA", "second_ranked_state_hydro_mwh": 33430870, "wa_hydro_mwh": 68288383 }, { "year": 2011, "wa_hydro_rank_among_states": 1, "wa_share_of_us_hydro_pct": 28.8, "second_ranked_state": "CA", "second_ranked_state_hydro_mwh": 42557467, "wa_hydro_mwh": 91817702 }, { "year": 2012, "wa_hydro_rank_among_states": 1, "wa_share_of_us_hydro_pct": 32.4, "second_ranked_state": "OR", "second_ranked_state_hydro_mwh": 39410178, "wa_hydro_mwh": 89464355 }, { "year": 2013, "wa_hydro_rank_among_states": 1, "wa_share_of_us_hydro_pct": 29.1, "second_ranked_state": "OR", "second_ranked_state_hydro_mwh": 33097667, "wa_hydro_mwh": 78155087 }, { "year": 2014, "wa_hydro_rank_among_states": 1, "wa_share_of_us_hydro_pct": 30.6, "second_ranked_state": "OR", "second_ranked_state_hydro_mwh": 35261936, "wa_hydro_mwh": 79463144 }, { "year": 2015, "wa_hydro_rank_among_states": 1, "wa_share_of_us_hydro_pct": 29.5, "second_ranked_state": "OR", "second_ranked_state_hydro_mwh": 31253851, "wa_hydro_mwh": 73404916 }, { "year": 2016, "wa_hydro_rank_among_states": 1, "wa_share_of_us_hydro_pct": 29.3, "second_ranked_state": "OR", "second_ranked_state_hydro_mwh": 34549366, "wa_hydro_mwh": 78345809 }, { "year": 2017, "wa_hydro_rank_among_states": 1, "wa_share_of_us_hydro_pct": 27.4, "second_ranked_state": "CA", "second_ranked_state_hydro_mwh": 42363141, "wa_hydro_mwh": 82182855 }, { "year": 2018, "wa_hydro_rank_among_states": 1, "wa_share_of_us_hydro_pct": 27.7, "second_ranked_state": "OR", "second_ranked_state_hydro_mwh": 35442773, "wa_hydro_mwh": 80883377 }, { "year": 2019, "wa_hydro_rank_among_states": 1, "wa_share_of_us_hydro_pct": 22.9, "second_ranked_state": "CA", "second_ranked_state_hydro_mwh": 38354769, "wa_hydro_mwh": 66018323 }, { "year": 2020, "wa_hydro_rank_among_states": 1, "wa_share_of_us_hydro_pct": 26.8, "second_ranked_state": "OR", "second_ranked_state_hydro_mwh": 31920643, "wa_hydro_mwh": 76409659 }, { "year": 2021, "wa_hydro_rank_among_states": 1, "wa_share_of_us_hydro_pct": 28.4, "second_ranked_state": "NY", "second_ranked_state_hydro_mwh": 28765477, "wa_hydro_mwh": 71379357 }, { "year": 2022, "wa_hydro_rank_among_states": 1, "wa_share_of_us_hydro_pct": 31, "second_ranked_state": "OR", "second_ranked_state_hydro_mwh": 31304316, "wa_hydro_mwh": 78916435 }, { "year": 2023, "wa_hydro_rank_among_states": 1, "wa_share_of_us_hydro_pct": 25.1, "second_ranked_state": "CA", "second_ranked_state_hydro_mwh": 32381318, "wa_hydro_mwh": 61445849 }, { "year": 2024, "wa_hydro_rank_among_states": 1, "wa_share_of_us_hydro_pct": 25, "second_ranked_state": "CA", "second_ranked_state_hydro_mwh": 29453931, "wa_hydro_mwh": 60736309 }, { "year": 2025, "wa_hydro_rank_among_states": 1, "wa_share_of_us_hydro_pct": 26.8, "second_ranked_state": "OR", "second_ranked_state_hydro_mwh": 28706260, "wa_hydro_mwh": 64661722 } ], "displayResult": "Washington ranked first every year 2001-2025, with 22.9% to 32.4% of U.S. conventional hydro generation; Oregon, California or New York ranked second.", "methodologicalNotes": [ "Ranks use annual net generation, not capacity." ], "limitations": [ "State totals assign each plant to the state where it sits; output from rivers shared with Oregon and Canada is credited to the dam's location." ] }, { "executedAt": "2026-10-09T17:00:00+00:00", "id": "state-hydro-top10-2025", "title": "Top 10 hydro states, 2025", "question": "Which states produced the most conventional hydropower in 2025?", "operation": "rank", "parameters": { "tableId": "state-hydro-rank-2025" }, "scope": "2025.", "resultShape": "table", "structuredResult": [ { "year": 2025, "rank": 1, "state": "WA", "hydro_net_generation_mwh": 64661722, "share_of_us_hydro_pct": 26.8 }, { "year": 2025, "rank": 2, "state": "OR", "hydro_net_generation_mwh": 28706260, "share_of_us_hydro_pct": 11.9 }, { "year": 2025, "rank": 3, "state": "CA", "hydro_net_generation_mwh": 28146480, "share_of_us_hydro_pct": 11.7 }, { "year": 2025, "rank": 4, "state": "NY", "hydro_net_generation_mwh": 24935141, "share_of_us_hydro_pct": 10.3 }, { "year": 2025, "rank": 5, "state": "ID", "hydro_net_generation_mwh": 8850665, "share_of_us_hydro_pct": 3.7 }, { "year": 2025, "rank": 6, "state": "TN", "hydro_net_generation_mwh": 8839988, "share_of_us_hydro_pct": 3.7 }, { "year": 2025, "rank": 7, "state": "AL", "hydro_net_generation_mwh": 8582856, "share_of_us_hydro_pct": 3.6 }, { "year": 2025, "rank": 8, "state": "MT", "hydro_net_generation_mwh": 8441048, "share_of_us_hydro_pct": 3.5 }, { "year": 2025, "rank": 9, "state": "AZ", "hydro_net_generation_mwh": 4782575, "share_of_us_hydro_pct": 2 }, { "year": 2025, "rank": 10, "state": "KY", "hydro_net_generation_mwh": 4441157, "share_of_us_hydro_pct": 1.8 } ], "displayResult": "1. WA 64.7 TWh (26.8%); 2. OR 28.7 TWh (11.9%); 3. CA 28.1 TWh (11.7%).", "limitations": [ "One year; hydro rankings below first place shift with precipitation." ] }, { "executedAt": "2026-10-09T17:00:00+00:00", "id": "largest-plants-by-capacity-2025", "title": "Largest U.S. power plants by capacity, end of 2025", "question": "Is Grand Coulee the largest U.S. power plant by generating capacity?", "operation": "group-sum-and-rank", "parameters": { "tableId": "largest-plants-capacity-2025", "file": "3_1_Generator_Y2025.xlsx", "sheet": "Operable", "groupBy": "Plant Code", "measures": [ "Nameplate Capacity (MW)", "Summer Capacity (MW)", "Winter Capacity (MW)" ] }, "scope": "All operable U.S. generators reported on EIA-860 for 2025.", "resultShape": "table", "structuredResult": [ { "rank_by_nameplate": 1, "rank_by_summer_capacity": 1, "plant_code": 6163, "plant_name": "Grand Coulee", "state": "WA", "operator": "U S Bureau of Reclamation", "primary_technology": "Conventional Hydroelectric", "operable_generators": 33, "nameplate_capacity_mw": 6809, "summer_capacity_mw": 7079, "winter_capacity_mw": 7079 }, { "rank_by_nameplate": 2, "rank_by_summer_capacity": 2, "plant_code": 649, "plant_name": "Vogtle", "state": "GA", "operator": "Georgia Power Co", "primary_technology": "Nuclear", "operable_generators": 4, "nameplate_capacity_mw": 4658, "summer_capacity_mw": 4530, "winter_capacity_mw": 4530 }, { "rank_by_nameplate": 3, "rank_by_summer_capacity": 4, "plant_code": 56407, "plant_name": "West County Energy Center", "state": "FL", "operator": "Florida Power & Light Co", "primary_technology": "Natural Gas Fired Combined Cycle", "operable_generators": 12, "nameplate_capacity_mw": 4263, "summer_capacity_mw": 3777, "winter_capacity_mw": 4107 }, { "rank_by_nameplate": 4, "rank_by_summer_capacity": 3, "plant_code": 6008, "plant_name": "Palo Verde", "state": "AZ", "operator": "Arizona Public Service Co", "primary_technology": "Nuclear", "operable_generators": 3, "nameplate_capacity_mw": 4209.6, "summer_capacity_mw": 3937, "winter_capacity_mw": 4003 }, { "rank_by_nameplate": 5, "rank_by_summer_capacity": 6, "plant_code": 3470, "plant_name": "W A Parish", "state": "TX", "operator": "NRG Texas Power LLC", "primary_technology": "Conventional Steam Coal", "operable_generators": 9, "nameplate_capacity_mw": 4008.4, "summer_capacity_mw": 3632, "winter_capacity_mw": 3675 }, { "rank_by_nameplate": 6, "rank_by_summer_capacity": 5, "plant_code": 46, "plant_name": "Browns Ferry", "state": "AL", "operator": "Tennessee Valley Authority", "primary_technology": "Nuclear", "operable_generators": 3, "nameplate_capacity_mw": 3854, "summer_capacity_mw": 3661.7, "winter_capacity_mw": 3755.8 }, { "rank_by_nameplate": 7, "rank_by_summer_capacity": 7, "plant_code": 703, "plant_name": "Bowen", "state": "GA", "operator": "Georgia Power Co", "primary_technology": "Conventional Steam Coal", "operable_generators": 4, "nameplate_capacity_mw": 3498.6, "summer_capacity_mw": 3200, "winter_capacity_mw": 3200 }, { "rank_by_nameplate": 8, "rank_by_summer_capacity": 11, "plant_code": 628, "plant_name": "Crystal River", "state": "FL", "operator": "Duke Energy Florida, LLC", "primary_technology": "Natural Gas Fired Combined Cycle", "operable_generators": 8, "nameplate_capacity_mw": 3449, "summer_capacity_mw": 3039, "winter_capacity_mw": 3296 }, { "rank_by_nameplate": 9, "rank_by_summer_capacity": 9, "plant_code": 3, "plant_name": "Barry", "state": "AL", "operator": "Alabama Power Co", "primary_technology": "Natural Gas Fired Combined Cycle", "operable_generators": 12, "nameplate_capacity_mw": 3343.5, "summer_capacity_mw": 3099.7, "winter_capacity_mw": 3195.5 }, { "rank_by_nameplate": 10, "rank_by_summer_capacity": 8, "plant_code": 6113, "plant_name": "Gibson", "state": "IN", "operator": "Duke Energy Indiana, LLC", "primary_technology": "Conventional Steam Coal", "operable_generators": 5, "nameplate_capacity_mw": 3339.5, "summer_capacity_mw": 3132, "winter_capacity_mw": 3157 } ], "displayResult": "Grand Coulee ranks first by nameplate (6,809 MW) and by net summer capacity (7,079 MW); second by nameplate is Vogtle (GA, 4,658 MW).", "methodologicalNotes": [ "Capacity is summed over operable generators that share an EIA plant code; Grand Coulee's total includes six pump-generating units (314 MW nameplate). Conventional hydro units alone total 6,495 MW, still the largest." ], "limitations": [ "Plant boundaries follow EIA plant codes; a site reported under several codes would be split.", "Net summer capacity exceeds nameplate at Grand Coulee because several units are rated above nameplate; other EIA publications have cited about 6.7 GW of summer capacity." ] }, { "executedAt": "2026-10-09T17:00:00+00:00", "id": "largest-plants-by-generation-2025", "title": "Largest U.S. power plants by net generation, 2025", "question": "Is Grand Coulee also the largest U.S. power plant by electricity produced?", "operation": "group-sum-and-rank", "parameters": { "tableId": "largest-plants-generation-2025", "file": "EIA923_Schedules_2_3_4_5_M_12_2025_Final.xlsx", "sheet": "Page 1 Generation and Fuel Data", "groupBy": "Plant Id", "measure": "Net Generation (Megawatthours)" }, "scope": "All U.S. plants on EIA-923 2025 Page 1.", "resultShape": "table", "structuredResult": [ { "rank_by_net_generation": 1, "plant_code": 649, "plant_name": "Vogtle", "state": "GA", "primary_technology": "Nuclear", "net_generation_2025_mwh": 37144415, "nameplate_capacity_mw": 4658, "capacity_factor_pct": 91 }, { "rank_by_net_generation": 2, "plant_code": 6008, "plant_name": "Palo Verde", "state": "AZ", "primary_technology": "Nuclear", "net_generation_2025_mwh": 31321808, "nameplate_capacity_mw": 4209.6, "capacity_factor_pct": 84.9 }, { "rank_by_net_generation": 3, "plant_code": 46, "plant_name": "Browns Ferry", "state": "AL", "primary_technology": "Nuclear", "net_generation_2025_mwh": 29665076, "nameplate_capacity_mw": 3854, "capacity_factor_pct": 87.9 }, { "rank_by_net_generation": 4, "plant_code": 3265, "plant_name": "Oconee", "state": "SC", "primary_technology": "Nuclear", "net_generation_2025_mwh": 22420221, "nameplate_capacity_mw": 2666.7, "capacity_factor_pct": 96 }, { "rank_by_net_generation": 5, "plant_code": 3166, "plant_name": "Peach Bottom", "state": "PA", "primary_technology": "Nuclear", "net_generation_2025_mwh": 21944008, "nameplate_capacity_mw": 2876.4, "capacity_factor_pct": 87.1 }, { "rank_by_net_generation": 6, "plant_code": 6251, "plant_name": "South Texas Project", "state": "TX", "primary_technology": "Nuclear", "net_generation_2025_mwh": 21782126, "nameplate_capacity_mw": 2708.6, "capacity_factor_pct": 91.8 }, { "rank_by_net_generation": 7, "plant_code": 621, "plant_name": "Turkey Point", "state": "FL", "primary_technology": "Nuclear", "net_generation_2025_mwh": 20555599, "nameplate_capacity_mw": 2978.4, "capacity_factor_pct": 78.8 }, { "rank_by_net_generation": 8, "plant_code": 6022, "plant_name": "Braidwood Generation Station", "state": "IL", "primary_technology": "Nuclear", "net_generation_2025_mwh": 20165374, "nameplate_capacity_mw": 2449.8, "capacity_factor_pct": 94 }, { "rank_by_net_generation": 9, "plant_code": 6145, "plant_name": "Comanche Peak", "state": "TX", "primary_technology": "Nuclear", "net_generation_2025_mwh": 20058688, "nameplate_capacity_mw": 2430, "capacity_factor_pct": 94.2 }, { "rank_by_net_generation": 10, "plant_code": 6023, "plant_name": "Byron Generating Station", "state": "IL", "primary_technology": "Nuclear", "net_generation_2025_mwh": 19914452, "nameplate_capacity_mw": 2449.8, "capacity_factor_pct": 92.8 } ], "displayResult": "No. Vogtle (GA) led 2025 with 37.1 TWh and Palo Verde (AZ) was second with 31.3 TWh; the top 10 were all nuclear. Grand Coulee produced 16.2 TWh and ranked 27th.", "methodologicalNotes": [ "Net generation summed over every prime mover and fuel row of a plant, including Grand Coulee's pumped-storage row (-2,637 MWh)." ], "limitations": [ "One year. Hydro output varies with water supply; Reclamation says Grand Coulee can produce up to 21 billion kWh, still below the leading nuclear plants.", "Battery and other energy-storage plants reported on a separate EIA-923 sheet are not included; none is near the top of the ranking." ] }, { "executedAt": "2026-10-09T17:00:00+00:00", "id": "grand-coulee-2025-summary", "title": "Grand Coulee in 2025", "question": "What were Grand Coulee's capacity, output and ranks in 2025?", "operation": "lookup", "parameters": { "plantCode": 6163 }, "scope": "Grand Coulee (EIA plant 6163), 2025.", "resultShape": "table", "structuredResult": [ { "plant_code": 6163, "nameplate_capacity_mw": 6809, "nameplate_conventional_hydro_only_mw": 6495, "summer_capacity_mw": 7079, "operable_generators": 33, "net_generation_2025_mwh": 16151147, "rank_by_nameplate": 1, "rank_by_summer_capacity": 1, "rank_by_net_generation_2025": 27, "share_of_wa_2025_net_generation_pct": 15.9 } ], "displayResult": "6,809 MW nameplate, 7,079 MW summer, 16.2 TWh in 2025 (15.9% of Washington's in-state generation); rank 1 by capacity, 27 by generation.", "limitations": [ "Share of Washington generation uses the state total from EIA's State Historical Tables, which is built from the same EIA-923 reports." ] }, { "executedAt": "2026-10-09T17:00:00+00:00", "id": "wa-generation-vs-retail-sales", "title": "Washington generation versus retail sales and net interstate trade, 2001-2024", "question": "Does Washington generate more electricity than it sells to its own customers?", "operation": "ratio", "parameters": { "tableId": "wa-supply-disposition" }, "scope": "Washington, 2001-2024 (EIA State Electricity Profile Table 10; 2025 not yet published).", "resultShape": "table", "structuredResult": [ { "year": 2001, "total_net_generation_mwh": 83048665, "retail_sales_mwh": 79666210, "net_interstate_trade_mwh": -10176675, "generation_to_retail_sales_ratio": 1.04, "hydro_to_retail_sales_pct": 68.7 }, { "year": 2002, "total_net_generation_mwh": 102765048, "retail_sales_mwh": 76491883, "net_interstate_trade_mwh": 16434917, "generation_to_retail_sales_ratio": 1.34, "hydro_to_retail_sales_pct": 102.2 }, { "year": 2003, "total_net_generation_mwh": 100094691, "retail_sales_mwh": 78133501, "net_interstate_trade_mwh": 11143844, "generation_to_retail_sales_ratio": 1.28, "hydro_to_retail_sales_pct": 91.8 }, { "year": 2004, "total_net_generation_mwh": 102165052, "retail_sales_mwh": 79981608, "net_interstate_trade_mwh": 7523404, "generation_to_retail_sales_ratio": 1.28, "hydro_to_retail_sales_pct": 89.5 }, { "year": 2005, "total_net_generation_mwh": 101965850, "retail_sales_mwh": 83425200, "net_interstate_trade_mwh": 5979960, "generation_to_retail_sales_ratio": 1.22, "hydro_to_retail_sales_pct": 86.4 }, { "year": 2006, "total_net_generation_mwh": 108203155, "retail_sales_mwh": 85033335, "net_interstate_trade_mwh": 4932257, "generation_to_retail_sales_ratio": 1.27, "hydro_to_retail_sales_pct": 96.4 }, { "year": 2007, "total_net_generation_mwh": 106990217, "retail_sales_mwh": 85741947, "net_interstate_trade_mwh": 10572266, "generation_to_retail_sales_ratio": 1.25, "hydro_to_retail_sales_pct": 91.9 }, { "year": 2008, "total_net_generation_mwh": 110828451, "retail_sales_mwh": 87332884, "net_interstate_trade_mwh": 8868168, "generation_to_retail_sales_ratio": 1.27, "hydro_to_retail_sales_pct": 88.9 }, { "year": 2009, "total_net_generation_mwh": 104470133, "retail_sales_mwh": 90210002, "net_interstate_trade_mwh": 638330, "generation_to_retail_sales_ratio": 1.16, "hydro_to_retail_sales_pct": 80.8 }, { "year": 2010, "total_net_generation_mwh": 103472729, "retail_sales_mwh": 90379970, "net_interstate_trade_mwh": -1279785, "generation_to_retail_sales_ratio": 1.14, "hydro_to_retail_sales_pct": 75.6 }, { "year": 2011, "total_net_generation_mwh": 115262601, "retail_sales_mwh": 93724917, "net_interstate_trade_mwh": 7387481, "generation_to_retail_sales_ratio": 1.23, "hydro_to_retail_sales_pct": 98 }, { "year": 2012, "total_net_generation_mwh": 116835473, "retail_sales_mwh": 92336441, "net_interstate_trade_mwh": 10927423, "generation_to_retail_sales_ratio": 1.27, "hydro_to_retail_sales_pct": 96.9 }, { "year": 2013, "total_net_generation_mwh": 114172916, "retail_sales_mwh": 92882723, "net_interstate_trade_mwh": 7323509, "generation_to_retail_sales_ratio": 1.23, "hydro_to_retail_sales_pct": 84.1 }, { "year": 2014, "total_net_generation_mwh": 116334363, "retail_sales_mwh": 92140777, "net_interstate_trade_mwh": 9720493, "generation_to_retail_sales_ratio": 1.26, "hydro_to_retail_sales_pct": 86.2 }, { "year": 2015, "total_net_generation_mwh": 109287458, "retail_sales_mwh": 90116086, "net_interstate_trade_mwh": 9011902, "generation_to_retail_sales_ratio": 1.21, "hydro_to_retail_sales_pct": 81.5 }, { "year": 2016, "total_net_generation_mwh": 114086582, "retail_sales_mwh": 88885316, "net_interstate_trade_mwh": 17652645, "generation_to_retail_sales_ratio": 1.28, "hydro_to_retail_sales_pct": 88.1 }, { "year": 2017, "total_net_generation_mwh": 115912078, "retail_sales_mwh": 91948172, "net_interstate_trade_mwh": 16260529, "generation_to_retail_sales_ratio": 1.26, "hydro_to_retail_sales_pct": 89.4 }, { "year": 2018, "total_net_generation_mwh": 116756729, "retail_sales_mwh": 90005791, "net_interstate_trade_mwh": 16546263, "generation_to_retail_sales_ratio": 1.3, "hydro_to_retail_sales_pct": 89.9 }, { "year": 2019, "total_net_generation_mwh": 106463608, "retail_sales_mwh": 91052796, "net_interstate_trade_mwh": 5475850, "generation_to_retail_sales_ratio": 1.17, "hydro_to_retail_sales_pct": 72.5 }, { "year": 2020, "total_net_generation_mwh": 116114468, "retail_sales_mwh": 86706144, "net_interstate_trade_mwh": 28818941, "generation_to_retail_sales_ratio": 1.34, "hydro_to_retail_sales_pct": 88.1 }, { "year": 2021, "total_net_generation_mwh": 110808401, "retail_sales_mwh": 88198668, "net_interstate_trade_mwh": 20967619, "generation_to_retail_sales_ratio": 1.26, "hydro_to_retail_sales_pct": 80.9 }, { "year": 2022, "total_net_generation_mwh": 116690498, "retail_sales_mwh": 90897320, "net_interstate_trade_mwh": 23957835, "generation_to_retail_sales_ratio": 1.28, "hydro_to_retail_sales_pct": 86.8 }, { "year": 2023, "total_net_generation_mwh": 102960605, "retail_sales_mwh": 89552630, "net_interstate_trade_mwh": -1170693, "generation_to_retail_sales_ratio": 1.15, "hydro_to_retail_sales_pct": 68.6 }, { "year": 2024, "total_net_generation_mwh": 102397711, "retail_sales_mwh": 89981629, "net_interstate_trade_mwh": -385768, "generation_to_retail_sales_ratio": 1.14, "hydro_to_retail_sales_pct": 67.5 } ], "displayResult": "Generation exceeded retail sales every year (ratio 1.04 to 1.34). EIA's residual net interstate trade shows Washington as a net importer only in 2001 (10,176,675 MWh), 2010 (1,279,785 MWh), 2023 (1,170,693 MWh), 2024 (385,768 MWh); it was a net exporter in every other year, including 21-29 million MWh a year in 2020-2022.", "methodologicalNotes": [ "Net interstate trade is EIA's residual: supply minus sales, direct use, international exports and estimated losses." ], "limitations": [ "Because net interstate trade is a residual, it absorbs errors in estimated losses and is approximate.", "Physical flows do not identify which generator served which customer." ] }, { "executedAt": "2026-10-09T17:00:00+00:00", "id": "wa-utility-fuel-mix-2024", "title": "Hydro share of electricity Washington utilities delivered in 2024", "question": "What share of electricity delivered to Washington customers came from hydropower?", "operation": "transcription", "parameters": { "tableId": "wa-utility-fuel-mix-2024" }, "scope": "Washington utilities, aggregate 2024 fuel mix (Commerce).", "resultShape": "table", "structuredResult": [ { "year": 2024, "fuel": "Hydro", "share_pct": 48.73 }, { "year": 2024, "fuel": "Unspecified", "share_pct": 15.44 }, { "year": 2024, "fuel": "Natural Gas", "share_pct": 13.33 }, { "year": 2024, "fuel": "Wind", "share_pct": 9.6 }, { "year": 2024, "fuel": "Coal", "share_pct": 5.91 }, { "year": 2024, "fuel": "Nuclear", "share_pct": 5.13 }, { "year": 2024, "fuel": "Solar", "share_pct": 0.86 }, { "year": 2024, "fuel": "Biomass", "share_pct": 0.68 }, { "year": 2024, "fuel": "Other Fuel Sources", "share_pct": 0.34 } ], "displayResult": "Hydro 48.73%, unspecified 15.44%, natural gas 13.33%, wind 9.6%, coal 5.91%, nuclear 5.13%.", "methodologicalNotes": [ "Values were read from the labeled chart; Commerce's underlying spreadsheets are posted in a Box folder that requires a browser." ], "limitations": [ "Unspecified power (mostly market purchases) has no fuel attribution and may itself be partly hydro, so 48.73% is a floor on the hydro share of delivered power, not an estimate of it.", "Utility-reported resource claims, not physical flows; Commerce compiles but does not audit every claim.", "Only 2024 is included." ] }, { "executedAt": "2026-10-09T17:00:00+00:00", "id": "generation-cross-check", "title": "Cross-check of two EIA generation tables", "question": "Do EIA's State Historical Tables and the Washington State Electricity Profile agree on total generation?", "operation": "difference", "parameters": { "tables": [ "eia-state-generation Total", "eia-sep-washington Table 10 Total net generation" ] }, "scope": "Washington, 2001-2024.", "resultShape": "table", "structuredResult": [ { "max_abs_difference_mwh": 4, "max_abs_difference_pct": 0.0000048164528681368755, "years": 24 } ], "displayResult": "Agree within 4 MWh in every year (rounding).", "limitations": [ "Both tables come from the same EIA survey data, so agreement checks transcription, not measurement." ] } ], "replications": [ { "id": "usbr-nameplate", "analysisId": "grand-coulee-2025-summary", "externalSourceId": "usbr-grand-coulee", "externalLocator": "About page: \"generating capacity of more than 6,809-megawatts\"", "externalValue": 6809, "facthubValue": 6809, "unit": "MW (nameplate)", "note": "Reclamation's figure equals the EIA-860 nameplate total including the pump-generating units." }, { "id": "eia-tie-summer", "analysisId": "grand-coulee-2025-summary", "externalSourceId": "eia-tie-2024-drought", "externalLocator": "Today in Energy, Nov 7 2024, paragraph on the Columbia River Basin: \"net summer capacity of 6.7 gigawatts\"", "externalValue": 6700, "facthubValue": 7079, "unit": "MW (net summer)", "note": "EIA's article gives a rounded, lower summer figure than the 2025 EIA-860 generator file sums to; the article does not say which units it counted. Either figure keeps Grand Coulee first: the next plant has 4,530 MW of summer capacity." } ] }