Where federal money came from and went, fiscal 2025

What this dataset measures

Fiscal 2025 is the latest complete federal fiscal year. The Monthly Treasury Statement is the Treasury's official monthly accounting of receipts and outlays, and its September issue gives full-year totals by receipt source and by budget function.

Geography

United States

Unit of observation

One flow of money: a receipt source into federal spending, or federal spending out to a budget function

Update cadence

One-time snapshot of fiscal 2025; a later fiscal year would be a new version

Curator

FactHub Research Team

Curated data tables

These related tables form this versioned dataset release. Each table has its own downloadable file and field definitions.

Federal money flows, fiscal 2025

Six receipt sources (including borrowing) flowing into federal spending, and federal spending flowing out to eight groups of budget functions.

Unit of observation: One money flow

View this table

federal-money-flow-fy2025.csv text/csv · 584 bytes

3 field definitions

Field	Type	Meaning	Units	Value type
from	string	Where the money comes from: a receipt group, borrowing, or 'Federal spending'.	—	observed
to	string	Where the money goes: 'Federal spending', or a budget-function group.	—	observed
value_billions	number	Amount of the flow in fiscal 2025.	billions of current dollars	derived

Saved analyses

Sources

1. U.S. Treasury, Monthly Treasury Statement, Table 9: Summary of Receipts by Source, and Outlays by Function (September 2025, fiscal year to date) Receipts by source and outlays by budget function for fiscal 2025

   Retrieved November 8, 2026. U.S. government work, open data. Free to redistribute without restriction

   Reliability: Government. The Bureau of the Fiscal Service compiles the Monthly Treasury Statement from agency accounting reports; it is the official record of federal receipts and outlays. Retrieved through the Fiscal Data API (mts_table_9, record_date 2025-09-30).

License: FactHub's selection, cleaning and combined tables are licensed under CC BY 4.0. Source data keeps the terms listed above (terms).

Limitations and reproducibility

Reproducible: Every value comes from MTS Table 9 for record date 2025-09-30 (fiscal-year-to-date column), via the Treasury Fiscal Data API. The groupings are listed in each field's derivation; summing the published lines in those groups reproduces each row to the nearest $0.1 billion.

• Outlays are net outlays by budget function, as Treasury reports them: offsetting receipts (such as Medicare premiums) are already subtracted, and 'Everything else' includes the negative 'Undistributed offsetting receipts' line (-$150.2 billion) and Commerce and Housing Credit (-$28.6 billion).
• 'Borrowing (the deficit)' is total outlays minus total receipts. Treasury covers the deficit mainly by borrowing from the public; the actual change in debt also reflects cash-balance and other financing changes, so it differs from the deficit.
• 'Medicaid and other health' is the Health budget function (550), which is mostly Medicaid but also includes ACA subsidies, NIH and other health programs.
• Figures are from the September 2025 Monthly Treasury Statement and can be revised slightly in the final year-end report.