FactHub curated dataset

Washington K-12 spending and outcomes: per-pupil spending (nominal and inflation-adjusted), enrollment, Kids Count rank, NAEP math

Tables for checking claims about Washington's school spending and results: FY2024 per-pupil current spending for all 50 states and DC (Census Bureau); inflation-adjusted per-pupil current expenditures for Washington and the U.S., 2010-11 to 2020-21 (NCES); Washington public school enrollment, fall 2011 to fall 2022 (NCES); Washington's Kids Count education-domain rank for the Data Book years we could verify; and NAEP grade 8 math averages for Washington and the nation.

Coverage: Per-pupil spending: FY2024 (Census) and school years 2010-11 to 2020-21 (NCES). Enrollment: fall 2011 to fall 2022. Kids Count education rank: 2015, 2024, 2025 and 2026 Data Books. NAEP grade 8 math: 2003, 2013, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2022 and 2024.

Node: dataset:wa-k12-spending-outcomes

What this dataset measures

Assembled to test a widely shared October 2026 claim that Washington has the 17th-highest cost per pupil, for 31st-place results, after ranking 20th a decade ago. Each table matches one number in that claim, and the NAEP table adds the nationally comparable test the claim's ranking only partly reflects.

Curated data tables

These related tables form this versioned dataset release. Each table has its own downloadable file and field definitions.

Per-pupil current spending by state, FY2024

Census Bureau current spending per pupil for public elementary-secondary school systems, fiscal year 2024.

Unit of observation: State (50 states plus DC)

View this table

per_pupil_fy2024.csv text/csv · 1.6 KB (1,645 bytes)
5 field definitions
FieldTypeMeaningUnitsValue type
state string State or District of Columbia. — observed
fiscal_year integer Census fiscal year. — observed
per_pupil_current_spending_usd integer Current spending per pupil, nominal dollars. USD per pupil observed
rank_among_50_states integer Rank among the 50 states, 1 = highest spending. Blank for DC. — derived
national_average_usd integer National current spending per pupil, FY2024. USD per pupil observed

Washington Kids Count education rank

Washington's rank among 50 states in the Annie E. Casey Foundation Kids Count education domain, which combines four indicators: young children not in school, fourth graders not proficient in reading, eighth graders not proficient in math, and high school students not graduating on time.

Unit of observation: Data Book edition

View this table

kidscount_education_rank.csv text/csv · 300 bytes
3 field definitions
FieldTypeMeaningUnitsValue type
data_book_year string Year the Kids Count Data Book was published. — observed
washington_education_rank integer Washington's education-domain rank, 1 = best. rank of 50 observed
rank_source_note string Which report supplied the value. — observed

NAEP grade 8 math average scores, Washington and nation

Average NAEP mathematics scale scores (0-500) for grade 8 public school students.

Unit of observation: Assessment year

View this table

naep_grade8_math.csv text/csv · 146 bytes
3 field definitions
FieldTypeMeaningUnitsValue type
year integer NAEP assessment year. — observed
washington_avg_score integer Washington average scale score. NAEP scale score observed
nation_public_avg_score integer National public average scale score. Blank for 2013 (not printed in retrieved reports). NAEP scale score observed

Per-pupil current expenditures, Washington and U.S., nominal and inflation-adjusted

NCES current expenditures per pupil in fall enrollment, in unadjusted dollars and constant 2022-23 dollars (CPI-adjusted to a school-year basis).

Unit of observation: School year

View this table

nces_ppe_real.csv text/csv · 467 bytes
5 field definitions
FieldTypeMeaningUnitsValue type
school_year string School year, e.g. 2010-11. — observed
washington_nominal_usd integer Washington, unadjusted dollars. USD per pupil observed
washington_constant_2022_23_usd integer Washington, constant 2022-23 dollars. 2022-23 USD per pupil observed
us_nominal_usd integer United States, unadjusted dollars. USD per pupil observed
us_constant_2022_23_usd integer United States, constant 2022-23 dollars. 2022-23 USD per pupil observed

Washington public school enrollment

Fall enrollment in Washington public elementary and secondary schools.

Unit of observation: Fall of school year

View this table

wa_enrollment.csv text/csv · 208 bytes
2 field definitions
FieldTypeMeaningUnitsValue type
fall_year integer Fall of the school year. — observed
washington_public_enrollment integer Total public school enrollment. students observed

Saved analyses

States ranked by FY2024 per-pupil current spending

Question: Where does Washington rank among the 50 states in per-pupil current spending, and how does it compare with the national average?

Result: Washington ranks 17th of 50 states at $18,564 per pupil, 5.4% above the national figure of $17,619 (18th if DC is counted).

Operation: Sort 50 states descending by per-pupil current spending; flag Washington.

Scope: 50 states, FY2024 (DC excluded from ranking)

View this analysis

  • Nominal dollars, not adjusted for regional cost differences; Washington is a high-cost state.
  • Current spending excludes capital outlay and debt service.
  • Other rankings using different measures (for example NEA expenditures or state-and-local revenue) place Washington 14th.

Washington Kids Count education rank by Data Book year

Question: How has Washington's Kids Count education rank changed?

Result: Washington fell from 20th (2015 Data Book) to 26th (2024), 27th (2025) and 31st (2026).

Operation: List verified ranks by Data Book year.

Scope: Washington, Data Books 2015, 2024, 2025, 2026

View this analysis

  • 2016-2023 values not verified and omitted.
  • The education domain includes preschool enrollment and on-time graduation as well as test proficiency.
  • Values come from news reports of the Data Book, not directly from the Kids Count Data Center.

NAEP grade 8 math: Washington vs. nation

Question: How have Washington's grade 8 math scores moved relative to the nation?

Result: Washington's grade 8 math average peaked at 290 in 2013 and fell to 274 in 2024, below its 2003 score of 281; it remains 2 points above the national public average of 272.

Operation: List average scale scores by year and series.

Scope: Grade 8 public school students; years printed in NCES state snapshots

View this analysis

  • Scores carry sampling error; small gaps between Washington and the nation may not be statistically significant.
  • 2005-2011 values and the 2013 national value are omitted because they were not printed in the reports retrieved.
  • National declines after 2019 reflect the pandemic, so the drop is not specific to Washington.

Inflation-adjusted per-pupil spending, Washington vs. U.S.

Question: How much did per-pupil school spending grow after adjusting for inflation, and how did Washington compare with the nation?

Result: After inflation, Washington's per-pupil spending rose 30% from 2010-11 ($13,039) to 2018-19 ($16,970), versus 8% nationally; Washington went from 10% below the U.S. average to 9% above it.

Operation: List constant 2022-23 dollar per-pupil current expenditures by school year (year shown is the spring year, e.g. 2011 = 2010-11); compute growth 2010-11 to 2018-19.

Scope: Washington and United States, school years 2010-11 to 2020-21

View this analysis

  • CPI adjustment does not capture school-specific cost growth such as health insurance or salaries, or regional cost differences.
  • NCES current expenditures differ in definition from the Census FY2024 figures elsewhere in this dataset.

Washington public school enrollment, fall 2011 to fall 2022

Question: How did the number of students change while spending grew?

Result: Enrollment grew 9.2% from fall 2011 (1,045,453) to a peak in fall 2019 (1,142,073), then fell 4.5% to 1,090,227 in fall 2022; NCES projects further decline to about 1.01 million by 2031.

Operation: List fall enrollment by year; compute change 2011 to 2019 and 2019 to 2022.

Scope: Washington public elementary and secondary schools

View this analysis

  • Fall counts; enrollment during the year differs.
  • Projections are not included in the table.

Sources

  1. U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. School System Current Spending Per Pupil by Region: Fiscal Year 2024 (2024 Annual Survey of School System Finances) Primary statistical source for per-pupil spending values

    Retrieved October 14, 2026. Public domain (U.S. government work). Permitted

    Archived copy captured October 14, 2026

  2. U.S. Census Bureau, Public School Spending Per Pupil Reaches Historic High in 2024 (CB26-TPS.29, May 7, 2026) Primary source for national average ($17,619) and District of Columbia value

    Retrieved October 14, 2026. Public domain (U.S. government work). Permitted

    Archived copy captured October 14, 2026

  3. CRBC News (republishing Business Insider), School Spending 2024: How Much Each U.S. State Spends Per Public School Student (Ranked), June 11, 2026 Secondary source used only to pair each Census value with its state; every value cross-checked against the Census chart

    Retrieved October 14, 2026. All rights reserved (linked, not redistributed). Not redistributed; facts only

    Archived copy captured October 14, 2026

  4. Washington State Standard via Seattle's Child, WA is stuck mid-pack in national education ranking (June 2025) News report of Kids Count 2025 Data Book; source for 'ten years ago, Washington was 20th'

    Retrieved October 14, 2026. All rights reserved (linked, not redistributed). Not redistributed; facts only

    Archived copy captured October 14, 2026

  5. Seattle's Child, KIDS COUNT 2024: WA must do better for kids News summary of the 2024 Kids Count Data Book (education rank 26th)

    Retrieved October 14, 2026. All rights reserved (linked, not redistributed). Not redistributed; facts only

    Archived copy captured October 14, 2026

  6. Seattle's Child, 2025 KIDS COUNT: Washington state's education rankings decline News summary of the 2025 Kids Count Data Book (education rank fell from 26th to 27th; four indicator values)

    Retrieved October 14, 2026. All rights reserved (linked, not redistributed). Not redistributed; facts only

    Archived copy captured October 14, 2026

  7. Washington State Standard via Seattle's Child, 2026 KIDS COUNT Spotlight: Big drop in WA education ranking News report of the 2026 Kids Count Data Book (education rank fell from 27th to 31st)

    Retrieved October 14, 2026. All rights reserved (linked, not redistributed). Not redistributed; facts only

  8. NCES, 2024 Mathematics State Snapshot Report, Washington Grade 8 Primary source for 2003, 2022, 2024 scores

    Retrieved October 14, 2026. Public domain (U.S. government work). Permitted

    Archived copy captured October 14, 2026

  9. NCES, 2019 Mathematics State Snapshot Report, Washington Grade 8 Primary source for 2017 and 2019 scores

    Retrieved October 14, 2026. Public domain (U.S. government work). Permitted

    Archived copy captured October 14, 2026

  10. NCES, 2015 Mathematics State Snapshot Report, Washington Grade 8 Primary source for 2013 and 2015 scores

    Retrieved October 14, 2026. Public domain (U.S. government work). Permitted

    Archived copy captured October 14, 2026

  11. NCES, Digest of Education Statistics 2023, Table 236.65: Current expenditures per pupil in fall enrollment, by state, 1969-70 through 2020-21 Primary source for nominal and inflation-adjusted (constant 2022-23 dollars) per-pupil current expenditures

    Retrieved October 14, 2026. Public domain (U.S. government work). Permitted

    Archived copy captured October 14, 2026

  12. NCES, Digest of Education Statistics 2023, Table 203.20: Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by state, fall 1990 through fall 2031 Primary source for Washington public school enrollment

    Retrieved October 14, 2026. Public domain (U.S. government work). Permitted

    Archived copy captured October 10, 2026

Limitations and reproducibility

Manually transcribed: Values were transcribed from published PDFs and articles listed in sources; no code transforms the numbers other than sorting and ranking the 50 state spending values. Census's state API now requires a key and its summary workbook could not be parsed in our environment, so the state-by-state pairing was taken from a published ranked list and every value was checked against the Census FY2024 per-pupil chart.

  • Per-pupil spending is Census 'current spending' (operations), excluding capital outlay and debt service, and is not adjusted for inflation or regional cost differences.
  • The Kids Count education rank series has gaps (2016-2023 Data Books were not verified) because the Kids Count Data Center could not be retrieved; values for 2024-2026 come from news summaries of the Data Book, not the Data Center itself.
  • Kids Count Data Book years are publication years; the underlying indicator data are one to two years older.
  • NAEP national values for 2013 were not printed in the snapshot reports we retrieved and are left missing rather than filled from memory.
  • NAEP average scores have sampling error; differences of a few points may not be statistically significant. NCES flags 2003 values as significantly different from 2024.
  • NCES and Census per-pupil figures use different definitions and enrollment counts and are not spliced into one series. NCES constant-dollar figures are adjusted with the CPI to a school-year basis, in 2022-23 dollars; they do not adjust for regional cost differences.
  • NCES 2019-20 and 2020-21 expenditures include federal pandemic relief funds; the 2010-11 to 2018-19 comparison avoids them.

Publications using this dataset

Version details

The exact citing versions, and the version of this dataset each cites.

  • Article wa-school-spending-results — version 3 (published) cites version 2
  • Article wa-school-spending-results — version 2 (published) cites version 2
  • Chart wa-real-per-pupil-spending-trend — version 1 (published) cites version 2
  • Chart wa-per-pupil-spending-rank-fy2024 — version 1 (published) cites version 1
  • Chart wa-public-school-enrollment — version 1 (published) cites version 2
  • Chart wa-naep-grade8-math-trend — version 1 (published) cites version 1
  • Chart wa-kids-count-education-rank — version 1 (published) cites version 1